By the beginning of the first century AD, Jews had spread from their ... were allowed to collect the yearly tax paid by all Jewish men for temple maintenance. There had been upsets: Jews had ...

Philo of Alexandria was a Jewish leader, philosopher and scholar in the first century. Born in 30 BC to ... Philo writes of how mobs of men killed Jews and set fire to Jewish properties.

Besides the helmet, there are other suggestions of Jewish gladiators. A first-century book describes “a man of the Jewish race who was of greater stature than the tallest German” in a ...