The primary inclusion criteria were horizontal integration (HI; joining two or more hospitals) or vertical integration (VI; merging of physicians and hospitals) and reporting at least one measure ...
Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, Jorge Tarzijan, and Jordan Mitchell. "Arauco (A): Forward Integration or Horizontal Expansion?" Harvard Business School Case 705-474, February 2005. (Revised March 2009.) ...