economic freedom and cultural liberalism. It was developed in the early 19th century, building on ideas from the previous century as a response to urbanization and to the Industrial Revolution in ...

Leaving aside the Prussian partition, where conservative solidarism (natural reaction against oppression) obliterated the once strong liberal tradition of the late nineteenth century, let us compare ...

Many in the West, of the political right and left, now deny imperialism. For Josef Schumpeter, empires were pre-capitalist atavisms that would not survive the spread of capitalism. But even the ...

The Liberal Party, which had inherited the Whig suspicion of the alliance between throne and altar, became the natural choice of the Welsh Nonconformist voter. From the mid 19th century onwards ...

In the late 19th century poverty was caused by unemployment, illness and old age. The 1906 Liberal Government had to introduce reforms to tackle poverty. Liberal Reforms 1906-1914 In 1906 to 1914 ...