biomass estimation and counts of planktonic and non-planktonic algae. A third section discusses algae as bioindicators in lakes, wetlands, rivers and estuaries, with the final section, making up ...

In summer 2012, Arctic sea ice declined to a record minimum and, as a consequence of the melting, large amounts of aggregated ice-algae sank to the seafloor at more than 4,000 m depth. In this study, ...